The Hungarian People arrived in 895 from Far-East to Central-Europe.
The First Hungarian Language paper text memory was born in 1192.
Short Flight History - Hungary
The first small, hydrogen-filled experimental balloons (1784) are
associated with the names of Istvan Szablik and Jozsef Domin.
In 1811, while traveling as a passenger on a gas balloon from Budapest to
Gyongyos (70 km), Dr. Menner dropped to earth various small domestic
animals with little silk parachutes, unharmed.
The first Hungarian balloon, the "TURUL", filled with lighting gas, rose
with its two passengers to 4040 metres (13,255 feet) on its first aerial
journey (1902) and landed smoothly.
David Schwarz (1850-1897) said: "Dirigible aero-navigation can be attained
with a rigid body of metal construction." In 1897 his truss girder
structured airship, covered with aluminium sheets, achieved a speed of 35
km/h (56 mph). A Prussian officer as a "test-pilot" controlled the maiden
flight.
After death of Schwarz, Zeppelin buy the licence from Schwarz's wife.
Lajos Martin (1827-1897). A university lecturer, he became the first
outstanding aeronautical experimentalist known worldwide. He suggested the
use of aileron-surfaces in dynamic aviation. In 1893 his hovering wheel
model, which applied one of the technological solutions of today's
helicopters, reached completion. (See Oszkar Asboth also)
In 1896 Bela Toth gave notice for the first Hungarian patent for an
aeroplane.
The first aeronautical journal, the "Repulo~ Hirlap " ("Aero News")
appeared in 1893, and in 1902 the first professional journal, "The
Aeronaut" was published. In October 1910, the reformed Hungarian Aero Club
was accepted as a member of the Federation Aeronautique Internationale
(FAI). In June 1910, it organised international air-races in Budapest.
Agoston Kutassy (1879-1932). Owner of the Hungarian No.1 pilot
certificate, he sacrificed almost all his possessions and bought, during
the summer of 1909, a French (Far-man) aeroplane to show it at home.
RAKOSMEZO, 1909: The cradle of Hungarian aviation. Here the first two
wooden booth-hangars were built. At the 1910 International Air-Race
already 16 (plus 24 temporary) hangars stood at the disposal of the local
Hungarian and the 29 competitors from abroad. The first 3 flying pioneers
started from here, flying successfully, small, Hungarian-built, light
monoplanes:
Janos Adorjan (1882-1964). The first Hungarian pilot to fly in this
country on his own, self-designed aeroplane (1910).
Erno Horvath (1883-1943). Won the National Prize on the 2nd
International Air-Race in Budapest. He started flying in 1910, but after
a crash he withdrew and engaged himself only in design and building. His
book, "The Flying Engine" became the textbook of Hungarian and Austrian
flying schools.
Aladar Zselyi (1883-1943). Famous for his innovations. At the time of
the international race he had already flown 3 - 4,000 metres (1800-2500
miles) distances on a circular course. His machine was "the first
Hungarian aeroplane constructed by an engineer with a master degree." In
1912 he designed the plan of a 500 h.p. Aerobus to carry 34 passengers.
Later, in 1912-13 he experimented with primitive gas turbines as a new
source of power for aeroplanes. In 1913 he passed the pilot examination
in Wiener-Neustadt, Austria, built a fast plane considered as modern for
a 66 kW engine - but crashed at its test flight and died of tetanus
infection.
Mihaly Szekely (1885-1959). His achievement won a distinguished place in
the history of Hungarian aviation. In 1911, he flew with a
Pischof-monoplane (60 h.p. ENV motor) from Wiener Neustadt to Budapest
(240 km). This was the first long-distance flight by a Hungarian. He won
second prize in altitude and third prize in speed at the National Air Race
in 1913.
Geza Kolbanyi (1863-1936). He was one of the aeroplane and aero-engine
designers of the initial stage of Hungarian flying from 1909. The
Kolbányi-Galcsek 6-cylinder, 60 h.p. air-cooled, fan-type engine was the
most valuable part of his first machines.
Jozsef and Kalman Toth. Two young mechanics. Their machine was the first
completely covered, plywood stressed-skin structured plane in Hungary.
Sandor Svachulay (1875-1954). Dedicated his whole life to experiments in
man-powered flying machines. He built one of his first planes "ALBATROS"
with a boat hull: this was the first Hungarian experiment with an
amphibian.
Andras Kvasz (1884-1974). Worked from 1909 as a mechanic at Zselyi's
aero-experiments. He built several planes of his own from 1911 and was an
outstanding pilot, the most popular in the country at the time.
Dedics brothers, Ferenc (1874-1929) and Kalman (1877-1969). Pioneers of
Hungarian aero-engine manufacture from 1909. Kalman studied in Germany. He
built the first aeroplane engines between 1909-13, when the manufacture of
planes was still in its infancy everywhere. He was the first to apply the
6-cylinder radial-engine which caused a sensation in 1911, as it produced
44 kW output with a mere 62 kg (137 lbs) mass. Later, the brothers
switched to the production of 7-cylinder rotary engines. Gyula Minar won
with it their greatest success, the first prize, in 1914 at Postyen at the
Austro-Hungarian air-race.
Mor Bokor (1881-1942). At the initial stage of flying, he experimented in
America. In 1909 he built a machine for the airship-school there and won
the $500 Arlington prize with it. In 1910 he continued working at home.
Sandor Pfitzner (1880-1910). An American-Hungarian pioneer who graduated
at the Hungarian University of Technology. In 1910 he flew 216 km (134
miles), reaching a height of 1100 metres (3600 feet) within 2 hours.
Lilly Steinschneider (1891-1989?). The first Hungarian woman pilot. She
received, in 1912, the No.4 pilot certificate.
Antal Lanyi came to Rakosmezo in 1911 and became well known by his flight
over Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Central Europe.
Latai brothers, Sandor, Lajos, Andras came to the forefront of Hungarian
aeronautics by their up-to-date constructions. Their most successful
aeroplane (1913) was a monoplane with closed fuselage powered by a
radial-engine, without the common single-skid undercarriage.
Between 1914-18, the Hungarian aircraft industry (established here by the
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) began developing. The 3 greatest: Hungarian
Aircraft Factory (1914), Hungarian General Aicraft Factory (1916) and
Hungarian Lloyd Aircraft and Engine Factory (at Aszod - 1916). At Aszod,
Tibor Melczer designed types according to his own imagination. 287
aircrafts were built during the war: fighter planes, bombers and
reconnaissance planes. The first air-to-air combats produced heroic fights
with many tragic losses, among them one of the most famous and most
successful fighter-pilot of the Monarchy, Jozsef Kiss, holder of 3 Great
Gold, 4 Great Silver, 5 Small Silver Medals of Valour (with 19 victories).
In 1914, at the 3-day Schicht Air Race between countries of the Monarchy,
out of 10 entrants, 3 were Hungarian. The winner, Viktor Wittmann won
European fame for himself and shining glory for Hungarian avionics: he
flew 1092 km (679 miles) within 15 hours, 50 minutes, 18 seconds.
Istvan Petroczy, colonel, played an important role in organising
amateur-flying after the 1st World War.
The Hungarian glider soaring flights started in 1922 with
Istvan Hosszu's glider triplane, winch - towed by a car and
Istvan Szucs was the maintenance.
Later from 1929, Hungary was on the second place (Germany was the I.)
in glider sport flights all over the world.
The start was at the Budapest hills, Csiki - Farkas Hegy (Budakeszi) and
Harmas Hatar Hegy area with 'toy catapult' mode.
The founder pilots was Matyas Bernard and Frigyes Hefty.
About 45 samples gliders was designed, builted by Hungary between 1933-1970.
In 1921 the Sporting Flying Club of the University of Technology (MSrE)
was set up. Three of its most famous founders:
Arpad Lampich (1898-1956). An open-minded construction engineer and
pilot, prime mover of the MSrE Club, played a leading role in the
rebirth of Hungarian aeronautics in the early 20s.
Lajos Rotter (1901-1983). While still a university student, achieved
outstanding international success with his dissertation for a Swiss
helicopter competition. Later, with his glider "KARAKAN" (1934) he broke
the Hungarian distance and duration records with 276 km (171.5 miles)
and 24 hrs 14 minutes flights respectively, scoring in 1935 the first
international victory for Hungarian gliding. At the 1936 Olympics, with
his masterpiece "NEMERE" he flew a 336 km (209 miles) goal-distance
world record to great international acclaim. In 1937 the FAI established
the golden ISTUS ring for outstanding work in glider sport - this was
awarded for the very first time to Lajos Rotter.
Erno Rubik (1910-1997). Aircraft engineer, (father of the inventor of
the magic cube), was the creator of Hungarian sail-plane mass production
which enabled pilot training in large numbers. He designed 24 sail plane
archetypes, 5 motor-powered planes, 4 glider UL-aircrafts. Over 1000 of
his machines were produced.
Antal Banhidi (1902-1994). Became world famous by both his aircraft
designs and his performance as a pilot. His plane "GERLE" achieved
considerable international success. In 1933 with Tibor Bisits on "GERLE
13" they flew round the Mediterranean Sea, equal to 12,500 km (7769
miles), in 100 hours, 22 minutes. The moral success of this journey was
significant; all known aviation journals mentioned it. The aircraft was
rebuilt as an old-timer, and is still flying today.
Karoly Kaszala (1891-1932). His world records: in 1927 he flew non-stop
for 9 hours 21 minutes in a circular course on his light, low-performance
machine. In 1928, he flew with the same plane to Rome, where they painted
its later name ROMA on the aircraft. With this plane (L-2 Roma) its
designing engineer Ãrpád Lampich made 1022 km (635 miles) in 16 hours -
another world record!
In 1930 Hungarian patriots in the US and Canada set up the Hungarian
Transatlantic Flight Committee to enable Hungarian pilots to make a
transatlantic flight. Lord Rothermere helped by offering a prize and he
decided to name the aircraft "JUSTICE FOR HUNGARY."
("Versailles peace pact" 4.Juni.1920.) Gyorgy Endresz was invited to be
the pilot for this historical flight In the summer of 1931, at the focus
of international interest, he made the 5,800 km distance with his
navigator,Sandor Magyar in record time (26 hours 20 minutes).
This successful flight evoked immense international acclaim.
Todor Karman (1881-1963). World famous aerodynamicist, one of the greatest
scientists of our age. In 1912 he was commissioned to organise and manage
the Aeronautic Research Institute in Aachen, Germany. During the 1st World
War he already designed a tethered observation helicopter. In 1926 he was
invited by the California Institute of Technology to organise the
Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory in Pasadena, of which he became the
director in 1930. His scientific work is preserved in over 100 scientific
papers and books. He created the Theory of Edge Surface and in connection
with this, the theory for the design and measurement of wing surface for
supersonic flights. Based on his results he is regarded as the father of
supersonic flight. In 1963 he was the first to receive the greatest
scientific award of the United States, the National Medal of Science. He
was also holder of the Prandtl Memorial Ring, the Watt International Medal
and the Gauss Medal. His chief works were published in all major
languages.
The list is not full,
59 engine plane designed built between 1909 - 1950 in Hungary.
MOTOROSREPULES (Engine Flight) book by Endre Karsay.
A MAGYAR REPULES TORTENETE (History of The Hungarian Flight) 2.edition.
