*************************************************************************** Flight Dynamics for the Savoia Marchetti S.81 with Piaggio P.X/RC15 engines *************************************************************************** [fltsim.0] title=S81PX 13-1 sim=S81PX model= panel= sound= texture=13-1 kb_checklists= kb_reference=SM81_PX_ref atc_id=13-1 ui_manufacturer=Savoia Marchetti ui_type=S.81 - Piaggio P.X/RC15 Engines ui_variation=13rd Sq./26th Grp./9th Stormo B.T. atc_heavy=0 atc_airline= atc_flight_number= description= This was the fourth and lightest variant of S.M.81. More powerful than previous versions only at low level. Performance at high level was poor. Squadron service from late 1936, primarily as maritime patrol and anti shipping assets, based in Eritrea and Somalia, from where they monitored and threatened the vital shipping lanes exiting the southern end of the Suez Canal. Strategic bombing capability retained to threaten Djibouti and Aden, but needed to bomb from lower levels than all other versions and was more vulnerable. This version was also selected by the Regia Aeronautica to train aircrew to fly IFR approaches in Italy. This plane, based on Gura's airport (Abyssinia) during 1935, belonged to 13rd Sq./26th Grp./9th Stormo B.T. Skin by Manuele Villa, April 2008. [General] atc_type= atc_model= performance=Press F10 and then lowest icon for step by step on screen handling notes. [Views] eyepoint = 6.35, -0.85, 2.9 [WEIGHT_AND_BALANCE] empty_weight = 15797 ;including lubricating oil, flares, guns and ammunition max_gross_weight = 23047 Due to the very strong landing gear it was safe to land the S.M.81 at max gross after an emergency return. reference_datum_position = 0, 0, 0 empty_weight_CG_position = 0, 0, 0 station_load.0 = 1000, 0, 0, 0 ;5 crew with parachutes station_load.1 = 2200, 0, 0, 0 ;normal bombload Moments of Inertia empty_weight_pitch_MOI = 120000 empty_weight_roll_MOI = 260000 empty_weight_yaw_MOI = 300000 empty_weight_coupled_MOI = 0.000 [fuel] Max fuel was 5765lbs = 961 USG modern unleaded AVGAS The real aircraft had eight small tanks, six of which were between the engines. Outboard tanks were used only for maritime patrol. The S.81 had a maximum bomb load of 2,000Kg but the normal bomb load was half that which allowed 1820Kg of AVGAS to be loaded for a typical mission. When carrying the maximum possible bomb load of 2000Kg the maximum fuel load is 820Kg. Those who wish to complicate the roll and yaw handling can move the left right tanks a few feet either side of CoG. LeftMain = 0, 0, 0, 287, 0 RightMain = 0, 0, 0, 287, 0 Center1 = 0, 0, 0, 93, 0 //Center2 = 0, 0, 0, 294, 0 ;after removing all bombload remove the // to simulate maritime patrol mission with max auxiliary fuel fuel_type = 1 number_of_tank_selectors = 1 electric_pump=0 [GeneralEngineData] engine_type = 0 Engine.0 = 4.2, -9.6, -2.3 Engine.1 = 12.2, 0, 0 Engine.2 = 4.2, 9.6, -2.3 min_throttle_limit = 0.2 master_ignition_switch = 1 fuel_flow_scalar = 1 [piston_engine] The Piaggio P.X/RC15 TOGA = 670hp nominal at sea level when a/p screw locked in fine pitch War Emergency = whatever horsepower are produced subject to max 1.2 C2 and also subject to max 2475 rpm when screw locked in course pitch Combat Rated Power = 700hp at 2350 rpm at 1500 metres in ISA when screw locked in course pitch All published data, and the data explained below, assume all hatches closed, all turrets and the bomb aimers gondola retracted. Deploying to action stations in the S.M.81 reduced performance significantly. The drag associates with operation at action stations with turrets deployed may be replicated using the spoiler key in FS9. cylinder_displacement=168.9 compression_ratio=6.0 number_of_cylinders=9 max_rated_rpm=2350 //but war emergency rpm = 2475 max_rated_hp=700 //Combat Rating critical_altitude=4920 fuel_metering_type=1 cooling_type=0 normalized_starter_torque=0.5 turbocharged=1 max_design_mp=35.9 //Rated, TOGA and war emergency min_design_mp=0 emergency_boost_type=0 emergency_boost_mp_offset=0.000000 emergency_boost_gain_offset=0.000000 fuel_air_auto_mixture=0 auto_ignition=0 max_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=1.000000 idle_rpm_mechanical_efficiency_scalar=1.000000 max_rpm_friction_scalar=1.000000 idle_rpm_friction_scalar=1.000000 [propeller] propeller_type=1 propeller_blades=3 gear_reduction_ratio=1.61 propeller_diameter=12 propeller_moi=10 fixed_pitch_beta=20 beta_max=20 beta_min=20 prop_sync_available=0 prop_deice_available=0 prop_feathering_available=0 prop_reverse_available=0 min_rpm_for_feather=0 beta_feather=0.0 power_absorbed_cf=0 minimum_on_ground_beta=20 minimum_reverse_beta=0 defeathering_accumulators_available=0 prop_auto_feathering_available=0 min_gov_rpm=650.000000 prop_tc=0.010000 low_speed_theory_limit=80.000000 [airplane_geometry] oswald_efficiency_factor= 0.67 wing_area = 992.4 ;92.2 square metres wing_span = 78.7 ;24 metres wing_root_chord = 16.9 wing_pos_apex_lon = 3.25 wing_pos_apex_vert = -2.500 htail_area = 175.000 htail_span = 20.000 htail_pos_lon = -36.000 htail_pos_vert = 0.000 htail_incidence = 0.000 htail_sweep = 40.000 vtail_area = 81.200 vtail_span = 10.000 vtail_sweep = 45.000 vtail_pos_lon = -36.000 vtail_pos_vert = 3.400 elevator_area = 75.000 aileron_area = 37.100 rudder_area = 37.000 elevator_up_limit = 18.000 elevator_down_limit = 15.000 aileron_up_limit = 18.000 aileron_down_limit = 18.000 rudder_limit = 25.000 elevator_trim_limit = 15.000 spoiler_limit = 60 ;used for retractable turret and reatractable gondola drag spoilerons_available = 0 aileron_to_spoileron_gain = 0 min_ailerons_for_spoilerons = 0 min_flaps_for_spoilerons = 0 wing_dihedral = 0 wing_incidence = 0 wing_twist = 0 wing_winglets_flag = 0 wing_sweep = 0 [Flaps.0] Slow moving hand pumped flaps. Technical manual has only caution against use at 'high' IAS. The pump would break and the flaps would 'stick'. More or less self resolving in real life as they were too difficult to hand pump at high IAS. Vfe nominally set at 250 KmIAS, but correct IAS for deployment of each stage much lower and specified within the handling notes. type= 1 span-outboard= 0.550 extending-time= 24 system_type= 3 flaps-position.0= 0,0 flaps-position.1= 13, 138 flaps-position.2= 19, 138 flaps-position.3= 38, 138 [Reference Speeds] flaps_up_stall_speed = 57 full_flaps_stall_speed = 49 cruise_speed =172.878255 max_indicated_speed = 170 Some care must be excercised to moderate dynamic drag (IAS) < 310 KmIAS (but especially when descending) to avoid structural failure. Due to the high drag of the fixed gear this was not a material problem in real life. [Radios] Com.1 = 1, 0 Com.2 = 0, 0 Nav.1 = 1, 0, 0 Nav.2 = 0, 0, 0 Adf.1 = 1 ;MFDF from delivery. Adf.2 = 0 Transponder.1 = 1 Audio.1 = 1 Marker.1 = 1 ;These aircraft would have had audio fan marker receivers [contact_points] //GEAR point.0 = 1, -40.67, 0, -3.1, 1200, 0, 1.01, 40, 0.3 , 2.5, 0.9 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 point.1 = 1, 1, -8.82, -10.8, 1600, 1, 1.98, 0, 0.4 , 2.5, 0.85, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0 point.2 = 1, 1, 8.82, -10.8, 1600, 2, 1.98, 0, 0.4 , 2.5, 0.85, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 //SCRAPES point.3= 2, -1.600, -39.000, 0.000, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000,5.000, 0.000, 0.000 point.4= 2, -1.600, 39.000, 0.000, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 6.000, 0.000, 0.000 point.5= 2, -44.100, 0.000, 0.81, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 9.000, 0.000, 0.000 point.6= 2, 16.45, 0.000, -6.07, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 4.000, 0.000, 0.000 point.7= 2, 7.64, -9.56, -8.25, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 4.000, 0.000, 0.000 point.8= 2, 7.64, 9.56, -8.25, 800.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 4.000, 0.000, 0.000 static_pitch = 11 static_cg_height = 10.9 tailwheel_lock = 0 [brakes] parking_brake = 1 toe_brakes_scale = 0.25 ;drum brakes at this date were ineffective and subject to fading [hydraulic_system] normal_pressure = 732.0 //PSI electric_pumps = 0 //no electric pumps engine_map = 1,1,0,0 //pumps on Eng1,2 [LIGHTS] //Types: 1=beacon, 2=strobe, 3=navigation, 4=cockpit, 5=landing light.0 = 3, -5.59, -39.13, 0.06, fx_navred light.1 = 3, -5.59, 39.16, 0.1, fx_navgre light.2 = 3, -44.06, 0, 0.87, fx_navwhi light.3 = 4, 7.2, 0, 2.46, fx_vclight light.4 = 4, -16.2, 0, 1, fx_vclight light.5 = 5, -6.45, 19.19, -2.87, fx_SM74_landing light.6 = 5, -6.55, -19.19, -2.87, fx_SM74_landing [keyboard_response] elevator =200, 1000 aileron =200, 1000 rudder =200, 1000 [direction_indicators] direction_indicator.0=1,0 direction_indicator.1=2,0 [attitude_indicators] attitude_indicator.0 = 1 attitude_indicator.1 = 2 [turn_indicators] turn_indicator.0=2,0 [forcefeedback] ground_bumps_magnitude1=2600 ; 0 - 10000 ground_bumps_angle1=8900 ; 0 - 35999 degrees ground_bumps_intercept1=5.0 ground_bumps_slope1=0.6 ground_bumps_magnitude2=1200 ; 0 - 10000 ground_bumps_angle2=9100 ; 0 - 35999 degrees ground_bumps_intercept2=0.085 ground_bumps_slope2=0.65 crash_magnitude1=10000 ; 0 - 10000 crash_direction1=01000 ; 0 - 35999 degrees crash_magnitude2=10000 ; 0 - 10000 crash_direction2=9000 ; 0 - 35999 degrees crash_period2=75000 ; in microseconds crash_duration2=3500000 ; in microseconds [stall_warning] type=1 ;unlikely in real life [exits] number_of_exits = 2 exit_rate.0 = 0.27 ;Percent per second exit_rate.1 = 0.5 ;Percent per second [EFFECTS] wake=fx_wake water=fx_spray dirt=fx_tchdrt concrete=fx_sparks startup=fx_engstrt_jenny touchdown=fx_tchdwn_s, 1 [electrical] max_battery_voltage = 12 generator_alternator_voltage = 12 max_generator_alternator_amps = 90 [flight_tuning] p_factor_on_yaw = 0.01 torque_on_roll = 0.01 gyro_precession_on_yaw = 0.01 gyro_precession_on_pitch = 0.01 [autopilot] autopilot_available= 1 direction_indicator=1 attitude_indicator =0 default_pitch_mode=0 // no pich control max_bank=25 max_bank_acceleration=1 max_bank_velocity=3 default_bank_mode=2 default_vertical_speed=0 autothrottle_available=0 pitch_takeoff_ga=8.000000 max_pitch=0 max_pitch_acceleration=0 max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt=0 max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt=0 max_pitch_velocity_lo_alt_breakpoint=0 max_pitch_velocity_hi_alt_breakpoint=0 max_throttle_rate=0.100000 nav_proportional_control=9.000000 nav_integrator_control=0.250000 nav_derivative_control=0.000000 nav_integrator_boundary=2.500000 nav_derivative_boundary=0.000000 gs_proportional_control=9.520000 gs_integrator_control=0.260000 gs_derivative_control=0.000000 gs_integrator_boundary=0.700000 gs_derivative_boundary=0.000000 yaw_damper_gain=0.000000